The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance Research Paper

The Great Migration and The Harlem Renaissance - Research Paper Example The Southern agrarian economy implied that African American ranchers needed to acquire from well off white men so as to plant and collect. The collecting interest made it outlandish for the dark man to completely appreciate the drudges of his difficult work. Other African Americans who filled in as farmhands were paid only enough to manage the cost of them during each time without a practical future. The country South offered minimal different decisions for the African Americans who were ineffectively taught, socially shunned and stuck in an endless loop of neediness. Training stayed a far off dream for the African Americans in the South given the expense of instruction. The main genuine decision left for many African Americans in the South was to emigrate toward the North. The North offered better work openings in processing plants and administrations based organizations. Moreover, the African Americans in the North were offered better open doors for training and, subsequently, a me thods for social versatility. More noteworthy social regard likewise had its influence in persuading millions regarding African Americans to emigrate toward the North. The First World War additionally assumed a significant job in constraining a huge number of African Americans to the entryways of industrial facilities. The beginning of the war had implied that work was hard to come by in the Northern urban focuses. So as to renew work supplies, African Americans from the South moved to modern focuses, for example, Detroit where they were in enormous interest. The abusive Jim Crow system in the South alongside the Ku Klax Klan’s misuses additionally constrained countless African Americans to discover better social everyday environments. The flood of displacement from the provincial South to the urban North started in the mid twentieth century and endured well into the second from last quarter of the twentieth century. The movement of African Americans by the millions into the urban areas is otherwise called the Great Migration. The primary influx of the Great Migration constrained some 1.6 million African Americans to move from the rustic South to the more urbanized zones. This wave can be followed from the 1910s to the 1930s where the African Americans moved to the urban focuses in the North and the mid-West (Arnesen 15). As a result of the Great Migration, the viewpoint of major urban focuses in the United States started to change. The inundation of new modern laborers in mechanical urban focuses implied that the organization of modern specialists started to change. Lodging turned into an enormous issue since the new specialists didn't have a reason to fabricated lodging offices. The new migrants were kept to their own regions, for example, the Bronx in New York. The social restrictiveness of the areas in these urban focuses gave rich grounds to another social change. This move was catalyzed by the beginning of training in these new neighborhoods. The new influx of migrants gave the HR just as the crowd required for another social mixture (Andrews, Foster and Harris 103).â

Why does Shilling describe the body as unfinished Essay

For what reason does Shilling depict the body as incomplete - Essay Example The self that we come to perceive is an epitomized self, and we utilize the force that is in that body to cooperate with our general surroundings. We need to practice control on that body, yet and in this manner we develop an arranged perspective on our own character which we at that point present for others to see and associate with. This clarifies how and why our perspective on the world is essentially real focused. Crafted by Shilling (1999; Shilling and Mellor, 2007) expands on this foundation and investigates the pressures than can exist between oneself and the body. Each person exists in a physical structure, in other words a body, but then likewise simultaneously can imagine this body as something separate from, yet at the same time identified with, the real self. This capacity to recognize mental and physical characteristics makes various issues for sociologists, since it isn't comprehended and applied in the very same manner across various societies and in various chronicled times. This paper examines two papers in which Shilling talks about the body according to society, and guesses that the body is in a central manner incomplete. The primary concerns of the two articles are summed up and the reasons which prompted the detailing of the â€Å"unfinished body† theory are investigated. At last this paper plots a portion of the ramifications of this significant method of understanding the connection between body, character and society. In the past the jargon of religion would have been utilized to depict this sort of issue as a differentiation between the body and the soul or even the spirit. In present day times various sociologists, for example, Parsons (1988) and Lockwood (1964) have discussed interrelationships among people and society and there have been a wide range of methods of speculating the body from a social perspective. In Shilling’s see, an excessive amount of consideration has been paid to the psyche, and insufficient to the b ody, bringing about a perspective on the individual and of society which is defective. Ideas, for example, organization and connection have been again and again characterized as though they were some way or another â€Å"disembodied.† (Shilling, 1999, p. 544) In 1999 and again in 2007, Shilling tends to these issues, and draws out a progression of contentions to show that the individual human body is incomplete, on the grounds that it requires association with others before it can accomplish uprightness and union. This paper considers the contentions of each paper thusly in the light of different researchers who have inspected comparable issues and investigates what Shillings implies by the body being â€Å"unfinished† and why, alongside ramifications of this knowledge for human science in the twenty first century. In the prior paper Shilling goes to crafted by Goffman (1983) on the individual’s requirement for a social self, through which associations with othe rs are lived: â€Å"People are gone up against with the need of setting up relational relations with others, so as to build a social self, and stay defenseless inside this area: cooperation happens inside fields which uncover individuals, truly and intellectually, to other people (Shilling, 1999, p. 546). As per Shilling, Goffman enhances prior work on oneself and society by assessing human and enthusiastic angles, and this puts the psychological, or intellectual, viewpoint over into its place close by these different ones, rather above them in a place of pre-distinction. Goffman’s chip away at shame (Goffman, 1983) unmistakably portrays a portion of the physical signs that happen when individuals take part specifically exercises, and this makes Shilling ponder the alleged interconnection between musings, feelings, and real encounters. He

Eating Healthy Doesnt Have to Break the Bank

Eating Healthy Doesnt Have to Break the Bank Eating Healthy Doesnt Have to Break the Bank Eating Healthy Doesnt Have to Break the BankBuying fresh produce doesn’t have to be out of reach when your budget is tight. Heres how to save money on fruits and vegetables.When you have a limited income, budgeting for your groceries can be challenging. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) latest available numbers, a family of four with children older than 5 years old should be able to meet its dietary needs with $646.80 (a “thrifty food plan”) to $1,288.20 (a “liberal food plan”) each month.No matter how much you spend on groceries, we can probably agree that spending more than $600 a month on food is no small fee. At the same time, the USDA uses the numbers in its thrifty food plan as the basis for maximum allotments through its supplemental nutrition assistance program, also referred to as SNAP. Unfortunately, this creates a problem, as it can be difficult to feed a family on a budget when using SNAP.A 2017 study from North Carolina State University in Raleigh found that SNAP allotments only cover 43%- 60% of a “healthy” diet that follows certain federal guidelines. How much more a family needs to spend on food in addition to a SNAP allotment depends on what kind of diet the family is eating. For example, a diet that features only fresh produce is the most expensive, costing a family of four $626.95 each month in addition to SNAP benefits. But according to the study, even the least expensive dietâ€"a vegetarian dietâ€"costs $487.39 more than SNAP allotments.Those of us who want to eat and serve fresh, healthy meals on a budget certainly have challenges to overcome. It’s true that frozen and canned produce can often be healthy options, too, but there are thrifty ways to get fresh produce on the table. In this post, we explore a few ways to do just that.Develop your kitchen skillsKitchen skills can be a barrier of entry when it comes to eating healthy on a budget. Not feeling comfortable in the kitchen can make the dollar menu at the local fast-food joint awfully tempting, and when you aren’t comfortable planning meals for your family, food waste can become a costly problem.One great resource to becoming more comfortable in the kitchen is the free-to-download cookbook Good and Cheap by Leanne Brown. Brown first developed the book as part of her master’s degree in food science. She wanted to develop recipes for those living on a limited income, particularly those using SNAP. Brown’s recipes are inexpensive, easy to prepare, flavorful, and as the book’s states, “celebrate the vegetables rather than the meat.”The book alone, of course, is not a silver bullet, but it is a great resource for anyone who wants to develop kitchen skills and eat fresh fruits and vegetables on a budget. If you prefer to have a hard copy, check your local library. Thousands of copies have been donated and are available to borrow.You can also check out our article, The Broke Persons Guide to Home Cooking.Try local fa rmers marketsOne of Brown’s top pieces of advice is to buy produce in season. “During their local growing season,” she writes, “fruits and vegetables are generally cheaper and definitely tastier than outside of season.” For example, you may have noticed that ears of corn are quite inexpensive in the summer months, but the price climbs in the winter. That’s because corn is ready to pick and readily available in the summer.Your local farmers market is a great place to buy in season. At farmers markets, producers sell their produce and other goods directly to consumers. If you’ve never been to a farmers market, you may assume that its produce, which is local and frequently organic, may be more expensive than what you find in the grocery store. Although actual pricing depends on where you live and what you are buying, studies have found on average, produce is cheaper at the farmers market than it is at a regular grocery store. Additionally, the produce you buy at a farmers market is frequently fresher and higher quality than grocery store options.It’s important to note that low-income neighborhoods are heavily impacted by food deserts, areas that lack easy access to purveyors of fresh produce and other whole foods, such as grocery stores and farmers markets. Still, that doesn’t mean if you live in a low-income area, you do not have access to farmers markets. A study by the Project for Public Spaces found farmers markets “represent an important strategy in the efforts to bring affordable, healthy food options into low-income communities,” especially since the number of markets in the United States continues to grow.Use the USDA’s national farmers market directory to find a farmers market near you. You may also want to search for local directories, as states and other regional areas often produce their own.Plan for the short termBe strategic about the produce that you do buy. Brown recommends buying groceries on a weekly schedule in order to reduce your food waste. The idea is to only buy what you need for a week so that you can eat it all before it goes bad. You can also focus on buying fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, apples, and potatoes, that have a longer shelf life than more delicate types of produce. Additional tips on smart navigation of the grocery store are available here.Consider ugly produceCompanies like Imperfect Produce may be beneficial if you live in one of the areas it services. The organization sells and delivers produce that otherwise would have been destined for a landfill because it doesn’t meet the specific aesthetic requirements most stores want to present on their shelves. For example, maybe the apples are a bit smaller than you would find at the supermarket, or the carrots aren’t perfectly straight, but they are still edible and healthy, just the same.Because the company sells food products that otherwise would have been tossed to the side, Imperfect Produce is able to offer both con ventional and organic produce for much cheaper than you would find at the store. The organization also offers a reduced cost box program for families that qualify for SNAP.Plant a garden or join a community gardenIf you don’t have access to a farmers market, or if you want to supplement the produce that is available to you, consider starting a small garden. Even if you live in an urban area, having a small, manageable garden is possible.   For a small upfront investment, you can set up small container gardens on a rooftop deck, or windowsill.It’s true that gardening can be a lot of work, but there are certain plants that produce abundantly and are easy to care for in relatively small container gardens. According to the Urban Gardeners Republic, lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, radishes, green beans, and zucchini are among the easiest produce to grow in an urban setting. And don’t forget about herbs, such as basil and mint, which can thrive in small pots on windowsills i f they get enough sunlight. Modern Farmer also has some great tips on how to start an urban container garden.If you live in an apartment and there is any green space around the property, consider asking your landlord if you could plant a few things. If this or a container garden is not an option, try to find a community garden to join. There are different types of community gardens, but in general, members of community gardens share the spoils of the soil in exchange for helping tend to the garden. To find a community garden near you, use Urban Farming’s locator tool.Consider using (or donating to) a food pantry  Many of us think of canned goods and nonperishables when we think of food pantries. But many also offer fresh seasonal produce. For those of us who do not have access to fresh fruits and vegetables, food pantries can be a great resource.Ample Harvest, an organization that helps connect gardeners with food pantries, provides resources and locators for those in search of a food pantry that offers fresh produce. If your garden takes off and you end up with more produce than you can eat, you can use Ample Harvest to pay it forward and donate your extra produce to a food pantry near you.What to do with your savingsWhat happens when you have extra money left over in your grocery budget? We recommend starting an emergency fund. Even if you can only contribute a few bucks here or there, an emergency fund is an important part of becoming financially stable. That way, when an unexpected expense arisesâ€"or one month’s grocery budget got eaten up by something elseâ€"you will have an emergency stash of cash  to tide you over.

Obesity in Guam - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2905 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The rates of diabetes as well continual illnesses like type 2 obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and stroke continue to grow in America as well as other westernized nations. Same pattern are seen in Guam, a territory of America in the pacific. In 2004, 41% of adults in Guam were having usual weight, although the rest people were overweight or they were obese; as compared to the 2005 U.S rates whereby 32% were having usual weight as well as the rest were having obesity (In Smith, In Jury IGI Global, 2017). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Obesity in Guam" essay for you Create order Approximately 62% of deaths on Guam are mainly caused by continual illnesses which are connected to poor lifestyle and diet pattern. The Guan Island has an affluent culture and history back since 4000 years ago. The natives and the original inhabitants of the island are called Chamorros, though the island is currently a home to various diverse ethnic groups also, involving Malaysians, Caucasians and Filipinos. The island was taken control by the US in the Paris Treaty which ended the American-Spanish wars. Later after fifty years, the Japanese occupied the island on December of 1941 (Trinh-Shevrin, Islam Rey, 2009). Up to latest years, the Chamorros benefited from diet mainly comprising of their original fish and plants from their enveloping waters. They largely survived through continued farming. The conclusion of the World War Two changed the whole lifestyle and diet of the Chamoro. Through the battle, US fighters were given imported foods and pieces of processed meat which had high sodium content and preservatives so as to succeed in the long travel across the sea. Alongside the fighters, the local inhabitants also started to consume the processed foodstuff. After the completion of the battle, the existence of Guan inhabitants totally changed from continued agriculture to an economy based on wages that speared the dependence on imported goods and food (In Goran, 2017). The climate of Guam is extremely humid and hot which has caused the sedentary way of living that several individuals in this area now live. It is hard, not to say hazardous, for the Chamorros to practice outside because of threat of heat stroke and overheating. Consequently many people live life’s of low physical doings. The deficiency of exercise, plenty of unhealthy foodstuffs and genetic predisposition of Chamorros to diabetes type 2 is most probably the formation of an ideal squall (In Goran, 2017). In a usual fit body, the pancreas generates insulin to crash carbohydrates and sugars to maintain the level of blood sugar equal. People having diabetes, though, have a situation where the insulin cannot be produced adequately or not even a little. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, alias Type one diabetes is hereditary and needs patient to infuse themselves regularly with insulin. Type two diabetes, can be introduced by lifestyle behaviors. It is normally started by overweig ht people whose fat hinders the entrance of insulin into the aimed cells. After a research performed in 2009, 41.9% only of Chamorro inhabitants were regarded to be usual weight, leaving 21.9% and 36.2% of the people to be obese and overweight correspondingly (Cassell Gleaves, 2006). This rate has shoot with American data of excess weight persons in tandem. Conversely the major disparity in the dual statistics shows that Chamorros have more adolescents and children suffering from these changes in weight also. These heavy increases have added considerably towards the death excise that Guam encounters; deaths up to 60% in Guam were connected to poor way of living. Low performance and food rich in fat and salt are capturing their toll. Sweet beverages with excess sugar also add up to 9% of Chamorros’s food ingestion (Cassell Gleaves, 2006).The spreading of western culture has been relatively detrimental to the individuals of Guam. I carried out a cross-sectional research of 127 women and men within Guam, of between 25-65 years of age, who were either of Filipino (n=61) or Chamorro (n=66) ethnicity. There were volunteer subjects whose recruitment was done through advertising in home newspapers, referrals, fliers, and announcement. The target of the recruitment was to make sure that the there was approximately the same numbers from every racial group, the same figures of both women and men in every racial group, and that it is the proportional depiction of major geographic regions of the island. However, for me to make sure that the age distribution was proportional, recruitment of the subjects was done and stratified grounded on the 2000 Poll Data of Guam. The recent research was just interested in carrying out a survey of the grownups on Guam between 25 to 65 years of age. Within that particular range of age, the 2000 Census Data of Guam was reported that among the adults, 37% were between 25-34 years old, 33% were between 35-44 years of age, 24% were between 45-54 years of age, and 6% were between 55-64 years old. Consequently, the recruitment for this research followed the same pattern; among the subjects of this study, 35% were between 25-34 years of age, 27% were between 35-44years of age, 23% were between 45-54 years old, and 15% were between 55-64 years old. The Committee on Human Research Subjects at Guam’s University accepted this sstudy. The assistants of my study collected physical, dietary, demographic, and anthropometry activity information after being skilled by the dietitian who was registered. The measurement of height was carried out using a stadiometer (Seca, German) and weight was measured using (Lifesource, Milpitas, CA, Profit). The computation of Body mass index (BMI)   was done as kg/m2. Classification of the subjects was done by BMI as standard weight (?24.9), obese(25.0 to 29.9), or overweight (?30.0). I conducted a 24-hour nutritional recall via the method of Modified 3-Pass. Analysis of food and nutrient groups was done by means of   the Pacific Tracker (PacTrac) Curriculum, the 4th edition. The development of PacTrac was done at the Cancer Research Center of Hawaii to give an analysis of the typical diets within Hawaii. There was an additional of Eighty-five recipes to PacTrac with the aim of making sure that the included data base was foods usually utilized by Filipino and Chamorro residents. The group servings of the food were assigned to every ingredient or food by the program of PacTrac by means of the Food Guide Pyramid called USDA as an orientation. The cut-off of the Goldberg was utilized to was used in identifying the geologically unlikely intake values of the energy. Briefly, the cut-off of the Goldberg was grounded on the basic psychological notion that in stable weight individuals, the consumption of the energy   (EI) was equivalent to the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) by Physical Activity Level (PAL). The variation both in Energy and EI (EE) denotes that necessarily, an total accord cannot be predictable. Hence the computation of the lower and upper 95% limits of the confidence (the cut-off of the Goldberg) was done using a formula. This indicated the existence of under-reporting and over-reporting respectively. Since measuring the EE through the double tagged water was not possible for this research, the estimation of the BMR was done through the Mifflin Equation. Baecke Questionnaire was utilized to lay the subjects into high, medium, or low physical levels of the activity for the reason of computing the Goldberg cut-offs . Energy density (ED); energy   quantity within a particular food weight (kcals/g), was computed for every subject grounded on the food intake, including the drinks like juice and milk but exclusive of the other entire drinks. The whole energy consumption from the consumed food was alienated by the sum weight of the reported food. The drinks can unduly manipulate the density values of the dietary energy and were barred. The provisions which mostly added the energy into the diet, by racial group, were resolute through totaling the provided quantity of energy by every food as well as dividing by the sum energy intake (Hefti, 2009). The ranking of the foods was then done through their percent input. Assess the beverage quality contained within a diet, the percentage of energy from beverages that were sugar-sweetened was computed for every subject. The sugar-sweeteneddrinks comprised of sports, energy drinks, flavored milk, pre-sweetened tea and coffee, juice-based beverage s (apart from 100% fruit drink), and the carbonated soft juice. Statistical analysis was done using the Statview (CA, Berkeley, version 45, Inc, 1995, Abacus Concepts) statistical package as well as the SAS ( NC, Cary, The Institute of SAS, Version 8.2). The information was adjusted basing on age and summed up as a mean  ± standard variation unless if otherwise stated. Chi-square and ANOVA models were utilized to examine the dissimilarities between crowds. The significance was put at p 0.05. The Filipino and Chamorro grownups within this research would differ in the intake of the diet and the overweight and obesity rate. Contrasted to the collected information of approximately fifteen years, there was an increase in the mean BMIs within the men of Chamorro (2.2 points) as well as women of Chamorro (4.8 points) (Guam Health Planning and Development Agency., Guam Health Coordinating Council, 2006). The high, rising obesity rates and obese observed amongst the Chamorros within this research might contain unfavorable effects of health since the overweight is a risk aspect for many chronic illnesses. In this research, the Filipinos included a lower obesity and overweight prevalence than the Chamorros. Importantly, other males of the Filipino were taken overweight as contrasted to the females of Filipino. Thus, compared to the earlier outcomes, the women, and men of the Filipino might as well experiencing a gradual rising shift in the weight of their body. Many of the Filipinos within this research were the ‘first generation’, and throughout their lifetime, they had not been exposed to the similar surrounding, lifestyle patterns, and diet like the Chamorros. Ever more, it is probably that the Guam’s Filipinos will take on a more westernized diet as well as the lifestyle as the go on incorporating into the culture of Guam. Other racial groups Chinese, Hispanics, Japanese, Koreans,) experienced the same changes in the parameters of health with acculturation as the engage in migration into the America.   With consecutive generations, the prevalence of chronic diseases, obesity, and overweight might rise amongst the Filipinos with Guam. In this research, body weight and BMI were not associated considerably with the ingestion of energy. The reason for this poor relationship might be the dissimilarities in the BMI category’s underreporting, as others that the input of energy is more probably to be under-reported by overweight subjects have found it. Thus, I did discover a significant relationship between obesity and dietary ED, perhaps with the reason that the density of this dietary measures more precisely reflects the intake of energy.   The subjects of obese had diets that were importantly extra energy dense over the subjects that are non-obese. The subjects of Chamorro also contained foods that were importantly extra energy dense over those Filipinos’, which is reliable with the importantly increased obesity rates amongst the Chamorros as contrasted to the Filipinos. The outcomes of this research propose that the snutritional ED expansion differences might partially elaborate the disparity in the r ates of obesity. Based on the most current information stated by World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR), (McIntosh,   2006). density of energy is currently regarded by the board as a possible causal aspect in obesity development, and now there is convincing evidence which displays that body fatness, or obesity, elevates the chances of definite cancers for instance breast, pancreatic, esophageal, endometrial, kidney and colorectal cancers. The WCRF/AICR specialist board also suggested a public fitness aim for energy diet density of 1.25kcals/g. At 1.74kcals/g, focus in the current study, normally males of Chamorro, were having dietary energy thickness value which was greater compared to the WCRF/AICR suggestion. Water, fat and fiber food content seem mainly to be the significant dietary determinant ED (Hu, 2008). US adults having a low diet of ED utilized more food through weight and involved an elevated food proportion high in micronutrients and water, and small in fat (Insel Ross Bernstein McMahon, 2015). Hence, to reduce ED, people should opt additional food for instance fruits, whole grains and vegetables instead of refined grains. Choosing reduced-fat or low-fat dairy goods and meat alternatives or learner meats may decrease ED. Beverages were not included from our ED measure, though sugar-sweetened drinks were constantly taken by the population of study, and obese and overweight subjects took a considerably elevated energy percentage through sugar-sweetened drinks than fit weight subjects. Suggestion has been given that the ingestion of sugar-sweetened drinks may be associated to weight gain and obesity by elevating general energy ingestion (Trinh-Shevrin, Islam Rey, 2009). Some limitations might manipulate the explanation of these outcomes. Merely a single day of nutritional information was gathered, which attenuates connection of nutritional variables and status of weight. Additionally, generalizations are restricted because of convenience sampling. Although recruitment was made straightly to make sure suitable representation by gender, age, geographic location and ethnicity. Because our research was cross-sectional, a contributory link of ED with ingestion of sugar-sweetened drinks with fatness must not be incidental. Despite of these constraints this research gives significant statistics due to the fact that it is the initial study to review and contrast the nutritional ingestion of the dual predominant racial groups in Guam. Outcome of this research gives the source for nutritional regulation in Guam until larger studies of nutrition can be performed. Dietary ED might partly the diversities in obesity occurrence between the Filipinos and Chamoros. Sourced on the dietary patterns recognized and present suggestions, dietary suggestion to decrease obesity in both the racial groups ought to focus on decreasing dietetic ED   through increasing consumptions of fruits, green vegetables, and reducing consumption of fatty ready packed meats as sugary beverages. Nutrition as well as health expert in Guam encompass a vital responsibility in offering nutrition prescription founded on the present dietary procedure , with compassion to local food patterns as well as culture. In an endeavor to improve the lifestyle of Chamoro, little exertion has been crafted to develop nutrition health. Often, consciousness has emerged the most efficient as well as far-reaching source therefore far, schooling the adults and youths alike, in avoiding and preventing diabetes (In Goran, 2017). As it was mentioned by the association of diabetes in Guam is consciousness for the desire of diverse options for healthy in the cafeteria of learning institutions as well as the execution of physical learning classes also sports in institution to assist brawl this reverting disease. Although it might be uneven water currently, programs which have been made in the past few decades are being executed into society of Chamorro which in the near future will result to improved community as well as silky maritime   up ahead. Children specifically have emerged victim to the increase spread of poor nutrition consumptions in Guam, with the worse data as compared in America. A survey conducted in secondary school and middle school found out that, terrifyingly, 27% of students in middle school in Guam are eating foods at least three meals in a week, 54% of scholars drink at most two bottles of soda daily, and shockingly: 76% of the scholars have taken less than two fruits or green vegetables serving daily (Paulino University of Guam, 2008). None of the scholars surveyed had consumed the right FDA amount of almost five servings of vegetables as well as fruits daily and only 25% of scholars ate any type of food. Consequently, only 38% of scholars have take part in physical exercise such as weight lifting, pushups, or sit-ups. The habits of lifestyle place adolescents of Chamorro at an alarming danger of an entire swing of continual sitting illness involving type II diabetes, not something any youth desires to be dealing with. The most frightening part of the youth’s obesity as well as deprived lifestyle behaviors is that the children will keep growing and continue living in the same way. Continual contact to poor well being habits makes sure these children a life of health issues as well as chronic illness (McCullough, 2013). The maximum age of people in Guam is just 19 years, younger than a popular of university children; hence the occurrence of way of life illness among youths is anticipated to rise. The commencement of obesity has been displayed to start earlier for Chamorro with the popularity of obesity inflicted people within the age bracket of   years, in the past two decades than America mainland maximum of 67 years old (Keller, 2008). Obesity is the third leading cause of death in Guam as well openly influences the two causes, stroke and heart disease. Obesity has also been connected to the blindness, amputation, kidney failure, and other ill-fated illness. The illness puts an enormous financial constraint on healthcare sector of Chamorro particularly due to most people does not encompass private health cover. The medication of these diseases comes from the government sponsor and tax returns (Kazaks, A., Stern, 2013). Though it may entail important beginnings investment, adjustments ought to be made to lifestyle of people of Chamorro so as to make sure a happier, healthier society in the near future. In an endeavor to develop the lifestyle of Chamorro, little efforts have been crafted to advance obesity health. As usual, consciousness has emerge the most efficient and extensive resource therefore educating youths and adults same, in elevating and controlling obesity. As it was articulated by association of diabetes of Guam, there is consciousness for the desire of many healthy alternatives in the cafeterias of schools as the implementations of physical learning as well as sports in institution to assist battle the grubbing illness.

Exploring the Mid-American Conference and Its Members

Improving Patient Identification With Barcode Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(37) " and electronic medical information\." Today ‘s engineering affects the bringing of attention and patient safety in different health care puting. Due to the increasing mistakes in the health care environment, the Joint Commission and other health care organisations mandated ways to better proper and safer patient designation. The usage of saloon codification scanning engineering gave a large spring of bettering mistakes in the healthcare field. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Patient Identification With Barcode Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, the barcode scanning can be seen in patient ‘ wristbands, medical records and laboratory faux pass or requisitions. With this turning engineering, a little pilot survey utilizing barcode scanning was initiated in an ICU scene in a local infirmary. The barcode scanning was used to accurately and expeditiously place patients when taking blood glucose fingerstick at the bedside. This survey will demo how it improves the truth and efficiency in executing the undertaking. Even at the terminal, there are defects that were identified in the survey. There is a two per centum mistake in scanning the barcode wristband in the survey. But the countries of betterment were identified. The bedside nurse necessitate to verify the medical record figure scanned and must fit what is in the armband. With this technique, 87.5 % of the bedside nurse find this technique a much accurate and efficient in taking blood sugar fingerstick in the ICU scene. The nurses besides need to mensurate it s efficiency in placing patients right utilizing barcode scanning technique. Time is measured between manually come ining MRN versus scanning a barcoded wristband. It is found that 100 % of the eight bedside nurses find it more faster technique than manually come ining the MRN in the Surestep glucometer. Introduction Patient safety encompasses bar of mistakes and errors of action and judgement, doing mistakes seeable and extenuating the effects of mistake. â€Å" In 1997, a survey of 1,000 hospitalized patients in a big instruction infirmary found 177 of these patients received inappropriate attention that resulted in serious inauspicious events † ( Barach, 2003 ) . It is a turning grounds of the figure of medical mistakes throughout the health care system in the United States and this became a signal to the health care system that betterment in patient safety and bringing of attention is needed with the usage of engineering. As we all know, engineering plays an of import function in bettering the bringing of attention in any hospital scenes. There had been an increasing job in the health care environment when it comes with medicine mistake. It is going a serious public wellness menace. Harmonizing to a landmark 1999 Institute of Medicine study, between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die yearly due to medical errors ( Kohn, et Al ) . As portion of its on-going attempts and duty to better patient safety, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) ruled on April 4, 2004, to do barcodes compulsory on the labels of 1000s of human medicines and biological merchandises by the twelvemonth 2006 † ( Kohn, et. Al ) . The FDA expected that the opinion will assist forestall about 500,000 inauspicious events and transfusion mistakes over the 20 old ages that follow, at a cost nest eggs of $ 93 billion. Although the opinion makes the National Drug Code ( NDC ) -format barcodes compulsory merely on medicine packaging produced by drug providers, there is hope that this policy and recommendation will convey approximately technological promotions in prescription ordination, drug dispensing, and medicine disposal across all weaponries of the state ‘s wellness attention sys tem. â€Å" A critical method for suppliers of attention to cut down inauspicious events associated with medicine mistakes is to concentrate on the ways of bettering the system of presenting attention. In order to prolong and better upon established degree of attention, it is critical that wellness attention installations evaluate options to incorporate information systems as a mechanisms to extinguish preventable medicine mistakes † ( Patel, 2004 ) and even procedural mistakes such as look intoing blood sugar at the bedside. As we can see the usage of medicine barcode engineering grows, the wellness attention establishments will necessitate to be cognizant of related alterations in accreditation and conformity policies. These are of import and necessary to follow within several regulative organisations, including the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ( JCAHO ) and the National Committee for Quality Assurance ( NCQA ) . The Support of the health care accreditation and other organisations Under the conditions of The Joint Commission ( antecedently JCAHO ) and other accreditations, the heathcare organisation is now faced with increasing force per unit area to proactively look and turn to medical mistakes that can go on in any wellness attention scenes. In July 2002, the Joint Commission called national attending to the basic beginning of mistake by set uping right patient designation as one of the six National Patient Goals of 2002 and â€Å" by January 2004 would impact the organisation ‘s accreditation and position. The ends included more accurate patient designation, enhanced communicating among wellness attention suppliers, decrease or riddance of wrong-site, wrong-patient, and incorrect process surgeries, and betterments to identify equipment such as clinical dismay systems † ( Mello, M. , Kelly A ; Brennan, T. , 2005 ) . This accreditation organic structure has given accent on medical disposal, it is besides of import in any other facets of patient attention bringing. They support the proper designation and safe bringing of attention in different countries and activities in healthcare scenes. Taking Technology with Patient Safety and Security Patient security is further enhanced with engineering. It is besides of import to include and place staff employees that are administrating medicines, trials, or processs. These non merely offer an of import ( and clip salvaging ) record of the provider/patient interaction, but they besides provide an excess cheque to assist avoid mistakes or errors. Much of the of import engineering to accomplish these consequences already exists. Even more is in development-especially as infirmaries move toward the electronic medical record and its particular consideration. Again, infirmaries and other wellness attention scenes now are mandated by jurisprudence to be compliant with the HIPAA jurisprudence and electronic medical information. You read "Improving Patient Identification With Barcode Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" But the world remains: infirmaries must equilibrate these chances with bottom line fiscal considerations. Finding the solution will necessitate careful choice of a package supplier who can run into current and future demands of the provider-who will spouse with the supplier for today and the hereafter. The picks environing this chance will change wider but the bets have ne’er been higher or the wagess for patient safety are much more compelling. What is the current pattern? â€Å" Patient safety and medicine disposal safety are of import infirmary precedences. General enterprises designed to better safety include following a institutional civilization conducive to safe patterns, optimising substructure and clinical patterns to take beginnings of mistakes and analyzing mistakes that occur to find the beginning and possible ways to forestall mistakes † ( Cumming, et. al. , 2005 ) . Before and even until now, nurses are used of visually look intoing the medical specialty and following the five patients ‘ right. Today ‘s nursing working force is burdened with increasing larger patients ‘ tonss and much more sicker and higher sharp-sightedness patient degrees than of all time before together with multiple co-morbidities. Everyone agrees that guaranting patient safety is a top precedence for health care suppliers. The first measure lies in accurately placing the patient. Every practicing nurse is taught that the first precaution against medical mistake or positive patient designation by looking at the 5 rights: right medicine, right clip, right patient, right dosage and right path. This sounds easy but frequently are missed and doing an mistake. Technology is supplying some outstanding progresss in this country, but more demands to be done. Balancing the demand for patient privateness and security nowadayss some particular challenges, but the two truly do work in concert-when a supplier uses a system that will suit and turn with its turning demands. Bar-coded wristbands are most good when establishments such as infirmaries assign barcodes to their merchandise such as medicine, blood merchandises, research lab trials and processs. Patients traditionally receive the all important wristband during the admittances procedure. Again, a cost-efficient solution that can suit saloon coded wristbands can assist in accurately identify patients in supplying patient attention in the infirmary scene. Increasingly, suppliers are seeing the bar-coded carpus set as an of import patient safety cheque: scanning the set will assist guarantee right patient designation for medicine disposal, lab work, transfusions, proving and other processs. The Bar Coding Technique Bar codification engineerings are now being utilized for other wellness attention applications outside of medicine disposal. The saloon codification was found in 1974 and was used ab initio in the nutrient industry. It was in 1991 when the first saloon codification appeared in a medicine bundle. â€Å" In 2004, the FDA issued a concluding regulation necessitating saloon codifications on most prescription and non prescription drugs normally used in the infirmary to cut down the hazard of medicine mistakes † ( Churchill, 2005 ) . Bar coding engineering can efficaciously look at medicines in two degrees. â€Å" First, the usage of saloon codifications on medicine packaging can guarantee appropriate usage of medicines. Second, saloon codifications can be used as alone patient identifiers † ( Patel, 2004 ) to patients. Bar-code enabled bedside nurses to decently corroborate patient designation and accurately execute bedside undertakings from medicine disposal, lab work and e very bit simple as fingerstick cheque at the bedside. This will enable the nurse to verify the right patient, right medicine, right process, and right blood glucose fingerstick cheque. In kernel, â€Å" barcode engineering is a replacing for a traditional keyboard informations entry. It requires a transition of an identifier to a symbolic representation-the barcode-that can so be printed on, or affix to, an point, later read by a light beginning and fed into a computing machine † ( Grotting, et Al, 2002 ) . Standard barcodes are like the 1s we see in food market shops or like our licence home bases. The Advantages of Barcode Scaning The usage of barcode engineering brings a figure of valuable advantages to the health care environment. Bar codification scanning is much more accurate than the human oculus or the flick of a finger. â€Å" Trials have shown that barcoded information has an truth rate of 1 mistake per 10,000,000 characters. Compare that to identify board entry mistake rate of 1 mistake per 100 characters. † ( Grotting, et Al, 2002 ) . The barcode scanning engineering gives chance to diminish or forestall mistakes in garnering informations while executing it in a fraction of a clip alternatively of making things manually. Another advantage is its easiness of usage. Participants can get the hang the equipment in shorter sum of clip. It besides accrued through a standardisation of codifications or patterns that is a good developed engineering. The barcode engineering gets better every clip and provides truth and efficiency. It is believed that implementing this technique in the wellness attention puting can supply fiscal benefits in add-on to clinical results. There will be preventable longer length of stay and lessening cost in the infirmary stay. With this technique, â€Å" 1000000s of dollars per twelvemonth, non including malpractice costs, readmissions and judicial proceeding costs, or the costs of hurts to patients ( Grotting, et Al, 2002 ) † will be saved. Litigation entirely can be financially burthening to the infirmary. â€Å" On norm, jury awards for medicine mistakes reached $ 636,844 per award in 2000 † ( Jury Verdict Research Group, 2000 ) . Factors that affects the Barcode Scanning There factors that affects engineering such as barcode scanning. The detector factors, human factors, system architecture factors are some of the factors and can go challenges. For sensor factors or a barcode scanner, one should look at the design. Every detector is identified by a baseline measuring mistake that can be portion in the technology, design, type and intent of the detector. It is dependent upon the preciseness and truth of it. It is needed to guarantee that high quality detector informations and equipment is used to present a all right preciseness and truth. It is of import to see that we have to utilize for the medical demands of the patients in the health care puting. The quality of industry demands to reflect the trust in the detector fabrication procedure. Besides, every merchandise, every detector needs to be calibrated. It is common that overtime, any merchandise, will diminish its truth. Therefore, it needs to be calibrated. The detector and merchandise must be dependable when in usage. Any wellness monitoring system involves human participants. This can be the patient, health professional or wellness attention suppliers such as nurses. It is necessary for every participant to transport out specific functions in utilizing new equipment. The participants need to swear and hold assurance on the new equipment for it to go successful. They should believe on its â€Å" individuality ( genuineness ) , duty ( executing the function when expected ) , competency ( executing the function right ) , and motive ( willingness to execute the function ) † ( Sriram, et. Al, 2002 ) . Since there are a batch of policies that a infirmary or wellness attention puting to follow with, one should see that wellness information are sensitive. Every wellness attention supplier whether they are physicians or nurses are required to follow with HIPAA privateness policies. Therefore, a system should guarantee that no leak sing patient information will go on and must be dependable. It should non be weak that could interrupt healthcare information. It is of import to see its unity and exposures. The Barcode Pilot Study in ICU Puting Bing a quality betterment representative of our unit, I was able to place some lacks in the inaccuracy in placing patients during bedside blood sugar monitoring. It was two old ages ago when bedside intensive attention unit nurses are still come ining medical record figure in the Surestep glucometer to accurately place patients. It gave an thought to make a little undertaking for the unit. Not all infirmaries are utilizing saloon codifications in placing their patients. It was besides two old ages ago when the infirmary where I am working started saloon codifications in patient armbands to increase proper designation of patients particularly in executing lab trial. This is a first measure in bettering in accurately placing patients in our infirmary. I have worked in other infirmaries and most of the infirmaries I ‘ve worked at are utilizing a glucometer that scans the barcodes in the patient ‘s armbands. The glucometer that was used in the other scenes are the same glucom eter used in my infirmary. Therefore, I started a little undertaking in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit to fly a barcode scanning in obtaining blood sugar fingerstick to our intensive attention unit patient population. The Objective of the Study First, I discussed with my co-Shared Governance members about the thought. I have presented to them why I am making the undertaking. This undertaking will increase the truth and efficiency of obtaining blood glucose fingerstick at the bedside. The patient populations we are looking at are patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Open Hearts patients. Both of these populations require an every one hr fingerstick. With the current process we have in the ICU, the bedside nurses are still manually come ining the medical record figure of the patient whenever a blood sugar fingerstick is needed. The sum of clip and the sum of mistake is higher when the bedside nurses are making this. After discoursing the undertaking with the Shared Governance of the unit and our nurse director and got their consensus, I started looking at how to roll up the information. Data Collection of the Undertaking There will be two portion of the survey: measurement truth and mensurating efficiency. I compared the old protocol of taking blood glucose fingerstick and wrote a different protocol for the undertaking. This will assist the ICU nurses follow the instructions ( see attachment # 1 ) . I used a little pilot survey that can roll up 50 informations. The information will be within one hebdomad or until 50 informations are collected. The participants will come in in the generated templet for the survey ( see attachment # 2 ) . The end is to hold 50 samples of MRN barcode scanning during fingerstick cheques. The armband of the patient has a preprinted barcodes. This can be utilized in the undertaking. There is no excess cost for developing a barcoded wristband. It is already in the infirmary acknowledging system of a patient ; hence, we will be utilizing this for the undertaking. There will be no added cost to the budget of the unit. The participants, all nurses of the displacement was given instructions and inservice of the undertaking. They will foremost do certain the patient is right campaigner for the survey. They can be the Diabetic Ketoacidosis ( DKA ) and unfastened bosom patients. Both of this population requires every hr fingerstick because of the insulin trickle that is running. Surveying the Bedside Nurses After roll uping 50 informations for the undertaking, a study was given to every participant. It asked for different things: What type of patient population used? Was the usage of saloon codification scanning much more efficient that the manually come ining MRN? Was the usage of saloon pod scanning much more accurate in placing patients that manually come ining MRN? Would you urge utilizing this new method than the old one? ( See Attachment # 3 ) Methodology I will look at garnering 50 informations from the bedside nurses. Besides, I will be supplying a study signifier for the bedside nurse to compare the current process versus the new barcode scanning technique ( see attachment # 3 ) . There will be no extra cost for purchasing the equipment to make the undertaking. The glucometer, Surestep, has a capableness of barcode scanning. Therefore, the excess characteristic of the equipment is already in the machine and merely necessitate to be utilized to execute this little undertaking. The undertaking will run for a hebdomad get downing February 24th until 50 informations is collected. All bedside nurses on all displacements were inserviced in the entrance undertaking. It was discussed with them what patient population that can be portion of the survey. Merely the unfastened bosom patients and Diabetic Ketoacidosis are the patient population allowed at this clip because of their every hr fingerstick. They were instructed that that every patients who participated in this survey must hold a barcoded wristband. They besides need to do certain that there is imprinted medical record figure ( MRN ) on it. The wristbands must non hold any wear or rupture prior to the scanning. If they find that any of the wristbands has any mark of wear or tear, they were asked to replace them. This will forestall any inaccurate consequences that can impact the survey. Scaning the Patient and Completing Survey Form Each operator will acquire a templet to come in the consequence of the survey ( see Attachment # 2 ) . They will foremost set the day of the month, clip, operator ‘s initial, existent MRN, scanned MRN, and enter YES or NO if the scanned MRN matched the imprinted MRN. If non, they will necessitate to reiterate the process, but must go forth a remark how many times it scanned falsely. This aggregation will go on until 50 informations is collected. Every bedside nurse ( operator ) must finish the study signifier at the terminal of their displacement. All the signifiers will be placed in an envelope provided. Analysis of the Undertaking The undertaking ran from February 24 until March 2. It was about a hebdomad of proving 50 barcode scanning of armbands anterior taking blood glucose fingerstick. With the 50 informations collected and compared with manually entered MRN and saloon codification scanned, one information did non scan the MRN right. It was at the 2nd scan when the scanned barcode matched the imprinted barcode in the patient ‘s wristband. Therefore, there was a two per centum opportunity of scanning a barcoded wristband with inaccurate MRN. The operator was asked if there is any tear or ill-defined barcode in the armband of the patient. The operator stated that there was no tear or ill-defined barcodes in the wristband. What caused this inaccuracy? There were entire of eight bedside nurses ( operator ) in making this undertaking. All of the bedside nurses completed the study. Here is the dislocation of their consequences: 100 % of the 50 informations collected has barcoded wristbands with the same MRN that is imprinted, 25 % of the patient population was an unfastened bosom patients and the 75 % was Diabetic Ketoacidosis patient, 7 out of 8 bedside nurses felt that it is still accurate to barcode scan the MRN, 8 out of 8 bedside nurses felt that it is faster to scan the MRN than manually come ining it, in conclusion, 8 out of 8 nurses want to urge this new barcode scanning technique in come ining the MRN than manually come ining every individual figure in the machine. Even with the one mistake from the 50 informations collected, there was a back up program for it. The bedside nurse still needs to compare the scanned MRN with the patient ‘s wristband to guarantee the proper patient designation during the simple blood glucose monitoring at the bedside. Credence of the Undertaking The undertaking was successful because of the willingness of the nurses to be involved in the survey. They do non hold to travel through a long preparation to utilize the equipment. They are familiar with the glucometer. Sometimes deficiency of engagement and involvement from the participants can add to the defect of the survey. â€Å" We learned that prosecuting nurses early helps them to avoid inauspicious incidents and engineering related emphasis † ( Weckman, H. , A ; Janzen, S. , 2009 ) . These nurses are first-class beginning of thoughts and suggestions on how to better any portion of the procedure. It is believed that â€Å" careful hearing to the nurses ‘ remarks was crucialaˆÂ ¦because the engineering alterations in pattern have the possible to make a ripple consequence in other facets of their work flow † ( Weckman, H. , A ; Janzen, S. , 2009 ) . The Surgical Intensive Unit accepted this new barcode scanning technique in come ining MRN in the Surestep glucometer. They felt that it is accurate and faster in come ining MRN comparison in utilizing their fingertips. The other unit started to inquire if they can use the technique to their unit, based on the infirmary ‘s policy, it needed to be approved by the research lab forces who are assigned in garnering informations for the glucometer. I presented the undertaking to her and she rejected the undertaking to be shared to the other unit. She said that there is a high per centum of mistake that can go on. It is 10 times more blood glucose fingerstick that is taken daily in the infirmary. If there is a two per centum mistake, it will hold an equivalent of 10 inaccurate MRN scanned. This is merely a day-to-day blood glucose monitoring. What more if is translated to monthly and annually? They wanted to name the seller if the wristband barcode is the right barcode for the glucom eter. There are different sizes and formats of barcoding and his must be one of the insufficiencies of the technique. Even with the rejection of the research lab forces to hold it dispersed in other unit, the nurses in the Surgical ICU are satisfied with the new technique. Therefore, the barcode scanning technique was merely done in Surgical Intensive Unit with the blessing of the unit ‘s nurse director. The bedside nurses in this unit urge this and prefer to make this technique because it takes less clip than manually come ining them. Decision Problems with scanning arose ab initio because the usage of multiple barcode formats, sizes and location. The quality of the barcode scanner reader can hold an impact on the truth of its usage. Is the quality of the printed barcoded wristband impacting its scanning capableness? It can besides be a human factor. Human factors can go on and go a barrier in the proper and successful execution of a undertaking. It can alter its truth in scanning a medical record figure ( MRN ) . But the inquiry still exists is it better than the old technique? With the study consequences, 100 % of the bedside nurses prefer to transport out the new technique. They are cognizant of the mistake and defects in the system, but they learned that they need to verify the scanned MRN with the imprinted MRN in the patient ‘s wristband. In summing up, in implementing a barcode engineering truly helps in bettering healthcare bringing to our patients. Many of the infirmaries are now utilizing barcode scanning in the patient ‘s wristband, medicine disposal, laboratory trial and even little process such as blood sugar fingerstick. These betterments can consequences to improved satisfaction in the patients every bit good as the bedside nurses. All of us personally want safe wellness attention, and most assuredly we want to do certain that our patients have safe attention. Safe attention means a attention that is administered without mistakes and injury. Mistake or injury agencies anything that can hold a negative impact on the patient ‘s well being. Everyone deserves a quality attention. To me, it means excellence or has high criterions. Within this subject, we can state that safe and quality can be interchangeable. However, the accent is on safety and the end is to better our wellness attention bringing system. Managerial Deductions Harmonizing to Richard Paoletti, manager of pharmaceutics services at Lancaster General Hospital, barcoding execution is non a stand-alone enterprise ; it is a cultural alteration ( Kaufman, 2008 ) . It is proven in an experimental survey in some infirmaries that it gives a cost economy of 1000000s of dollars to the organisations. The cost of the barcode scanning machines depends on the establishment size. The care, waiters, and standardization are needed to be considered when taking a new equipment or machine in any installation. For this undertaking, excess machines or stuffs are non needed because the Surestep glucometer has it capableness of scanning a barcode. The standardization of the machine can be sent to the seller. What will be the preparation cost? There will be a minimum preparation cost since this will go on at the existent bedside nursing attention for patients who are necessitating blood sugar monitoring. A voluntary will be mensurating the clip utilizing a stop watch during the survey. There is a minimum cost for this undertaking but will be â€Å" avoiding cost associated with handling patients who suffer from preventable medicine mistakes such as length of stay or increased intensive attention unit length of stay † ( Cummings, et. al. , 2005 ) . Barcode engineering will be a criterion of attention few old ages from now. Therefore, â€Å" infirmaries should get down be aftering, budgeting, measuring engineering and fixing infirmary substructure † ( Cummings, et. al. , 2005 ) in run intoing the demands in barcode engineering related to healthcare system. How to cite Improving Patient Identification With Barcode Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sound Waves Essays - Waves, Acoustics, Wave Mechanics, Hearing

Sound Waves Sound is part of our everyday lives. Just like we have eyes for, we are given ears for hearing sound. We rarely take the time to think about the characteristics of sound and the ways that they are made. The basis for an understanding of sound and hearing is the physics of waves. Sound is a wave, which is created by vibrating objects and spread through a medium from one location to another. In this paper, we will look at the nature, properties and behaviors of sound waves. A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium, transporting energy from one location to another location. The medium is simply the material through which the sound, or disturbance, is moving; it can be thought of as a series of interacting particles. The example of a slinky wave is often used to illustrate the nature of a wave. A disturbance is typically created within the slinky by the back and forth movement of the first coil of the slinky. The first coil becomes disturbed and begins to push or pull on the second coil; this push or pull on the second coil will shift the second coil from its balanced position. As the second coil becomes shifted, it begins to push or pull on the third coil; the push or pull on the third coil displaces it from its balanced position. As the third coil becomes shifted, it begins to push or pull on the fourth coil. This process continues one after the other, each individual particle acting to displace the neighboring particle; ev entually the disturbance travels all the way through the slinky. As the disturbance moves from coil to coil, the energy which was originally introduced into the first coil is transported along the medium from one location to another. A sound wave is similar to a slinky for a couple of reasons. First, there is a medium, which carries the disturbance from one location to another. Usually, this medium is air; though it could be any material such as water or steel. The medium is simply a series of interconnected and interacting particles. Second, there is an original source of the wave, some vibrating object capable of disturbing the first particle of the medium. The vibrating object, which creates the disturbance, could be the vocal chords of a person, the vibrating string and sound board of a guitar or violin, the vibrating tines of a tuning fork, or the vibrating diaphragm of a radio speaker. Third, the sound wave is transported from one location to another by means of the particle interaction. If the sound wave is moving through air, then as one air particle is shifted from its balanced position, it exerts a push or pull on its nearest neighbors, causing them to be shifted from their equilibrium position. This pa rticle interaction continues throughout the entire medium, with each particle interacting and causing a disturbance of its nearest neighbors. Since a sound wave is a disturbance, which is transported through a medium via the means of particle interaction, a sound wave is characterized as a mechanical wave. The creation of sound waves are often demonstrated by using a tuning fork. A tuning fork is a metal object that has two tines(spikes) that vibrate if they are hit by a rubber hammer or mallet. As the tines of the tuning forks vibrate back and forth, they begin to disturb surrounding air molecules. These disturbances are passed on to neighboring air molecules by the means of particle interaction. The motion of the disturbance, originating at the tines of the tuning fork and traveling through the medium (in this case, air) is what is referred to as a sound wave. Sometimes, the tuning fork is mounted on a soundboard. When this happens, the vibrating tuning fork, connected to the soundboard, sets the soundboard into a vibrating motion. In turn, the soundboard sets the air inside of the it into a vibrating motion. As the tines of the tuning fork, the structure of the soundboard, and the inside of the soundboard begin vibrating at the same frequency, a louder sound is produced. In fact, the more particles which can be made to